Q.4: who should be able to use DNA databases?
A.4: FBI, Prosecutors, government and police. genealogists can able to use DNA database.

MIS in action

Q.1: How does CODIS work? how is it designed?

A.1:CODIS uses two indexes to generate investigative leads in crimes for which biological evidence is recovered from a crime scene. The convicted offender index contains DNA profiles of individuals convicted of certain crimes ranging from certain misdemeanors to sexual assault and murder. Each State has different “qualifying offenses” for which persons convicted of them must submit a biological sample for inclusion in the DNA database. The forensic index contains DNA profiles obtained from crime scene evidence, such as semen, saliva, or blood. CODIS uses computer software to automatically search across these indexes for a potential match.
A match made between profiles in the forensic index can link crime scenes to each other, possibly identifying serial offenders. Based on these “forensic hits,” police in multiple jurisdictions or States can coordinate their respective investigations and share leads they have developed independent of each other. Matches made between the forensic and convicted offender indexes can provide investigators with the identity of a suspect(s). It is important to note that if an “offender hit” is obtained, that information typically is used as probable cause to obtain a new DNA sample from that suspect so the match can be confirmed by the crime laboratory before an arrest is made.

Q.2: what information does CODIS maintain?

• A.2:DNA identification records of persons convicted of crimes;
• analyses of DNA samples recovered from crime scenes;
• analyses of DNA samples recovered from unidentified human remains; and
• analyses of DNA samples voluntarily contributed from relatives of missing persons.
• CODIS includes a Missing Person Index which can match the DNA profiles of nuclear DNA technologies or mtDNA.

Q.3 who is allowe to use CODIS?

A.3 All 50 states , the FBI, and the U.S. army work this system.

Q.4: How does CODIS aid criminal investigations?

A.4: The real investigative power of DNA technology can be realized in its application to cases where a suspect has not yet been identified. DNA technology and the FBI's CODIS database can help law enforcement identify perpetrators or link serial crimes. CODIS uses two indices to generate investigative leads in crimes that contain biological evidence—the forensic index contains DNA profiles from biological evidence left at crime scenes, and the offender index contains DNA profiles of individuals convicted of violent crimes. Each state has a DNA database law that defines which convicted offenders must enter their profiles into the database. Some states have expanded their laws to require that all felons enter their DNA profiles into the state's database. The CODIS database enables local, state, and federal forensic crime laboratories to work together to solve crimes between jurisdictions or across state lines. While CODIS is operated on the state level, the FBI's national database (also known as the National DNA Index System or NDIS) may link profiles from the databases of each of the 50 states to provide law enforcement with a national network to investigate violent crime. The CODIS database will continue to have an impact on the identification of serial rapists and murderers who have committed crimes in more than one jurisdiction. It is important to realize that although the power of the CODIS database primarily is used in identifying perpetrators of crime, it also can affirm a suspect's innocence.

DNA DATABASES:

Q.1: What are the benefits of DNA database?

A.1:

• Identify potential suspects whose DNA may match evidence left at crime scenes .
• Exonerate persons wrongly accused of crimes .
• Identify crime and catastrophe victims .
• Establish paternity and other family relationships .
• Identify endangered and protected species as an aid to wildlife officials (could be used for prosecuting poachers) .
• Detect bacteria and other organisms that may pollute air, water, soil, and food .
• Match organ donors with recipients in transplant programs .
• Determine pedigree for seed or livestock breeds .
• Authenticate consumables such as caviar and wine .

Q.2: what problems do DNA database?

A.2:

• Arrestees often are found innocent of crimes. The retention of innocent people's DNA raises significant ethical and social issues.
• If people’s DNA is in police databases, they might be identified as matches or partial matches to DNA found at crime scenes. This occurs even with innocent people, for instance, if an individual had been at a crime scene earlier or had a similar DNA profile to the actual criminal.
• Sensitive genetic information, such as family relationships and disease susceptibility, can be obtained from DNA samples. Police, forensic science services, and researchers using the database have access to people’s DNA without their consent. This can be seen as an intrusion of personal privacy and a violation of civil liberties.
• Studies of the United Kingdom’s criminal database, which retains the DNA samples of all suspects, show that ethnic minorities are over represented in the population of arrestees and are, therefore, overrepresented in the criminal DNA database. This raises the concern of an institutionalized ethnic bias in the criminal justice system.
• Even the most secure database has a chance of being compromised.

Q.3. who should be included in a national DNA database? should it be limited to convicted felons? Explain your answer.

A.3:DNA database to include juveniles or people who are not convicted criminals.

most people aren't violent criminals, including those who commit misdemeanors, and their inclusion in a national DNA database exposes them to risks they would not otherwise face.

HELP KIA SOLVED ITS QUALITY PROBLEMS.

Q.1 why was it so difficult for to identify sources of defects in the cars it produced?
Ans: Kia had created a system which gives reports of any defect, accident or injuries involving its vehicle to the U.S. national highway traffic safety administration. The received information stored in at least seven different system run by Kia's warranty, parts, consumer and legal affairs departments. This fragmentation of information in different system prevented Kia to get a complete picture of defect. So it is difficult.
Q: 2 what was the business impact of Kia not having an information system to track defects? What other business processes besides manufacturing and production were affected?
Ans. KIA could have created a series of stopgap software programs to extract the required information out of these various computer systems and collate it manually. But this would have been time consuming and would not provide any other benefits to the company.
Q: 3 how did Kia's new defect reporting system improve the way it ran its business?
Ans. KIA uses information systems to help it identify sources of defects in cars so it can improve cars quality, reduce warranty repair costs, and increase customer satisfaction.
Q: 4 what management, organization, and technology issues did Kia have to address when it adopted its new quality control system?
Ans. KIA enlisted info gain, a Los Gatos, California, software consulting firm to help it design a new system solution. Info gain created a software "engine" that examines six Kia systems for warranty claims, parts sales, vehicle inventories and stores the essential information in a single common data repository. The system automatically breaks down and categorizes reports based on individual components, such as steering assemblies or headlights, and links to Kia's Clarify customer relationship management system, tracking consumer complaints received by phone, e-mail or postal mail.
Q: 5 what new business processes were enabled by Kia's new quality control system?
Ans. Information from this system is helping Kia pinpoint the sources of defects and determine what percentage of its vehicles is likely to have problems. The company can then improve its production processes before the problems become more widespread, thus lowering costs for warranty repairs. This information also helps Kia determine the most cost - effective strategy for dealing with its quality problems.

virtual management at accenture

case summary:

accenture is a global management consulting,technology services, and outsourscing company.

it has 129000 employees in 48 countries.

it has no operational headquarters and no formal branches. all staff and managers lived in different places(states).

accenture emploees log on to the company's internal website, which they can access from anywhere in the world.

they use this system to record where they are working, and ti access e-mail,phone messages ,and their files.

employees can't pop into co-workers' offices for informal meetings.

with some challenges accenture believes virtual management work.company doesn't have to maintain overhead cost for large headquarters.

almost 85% of accenture's 100 largest accounts have been its clients for 10years or more.

Q.1 What are the advantages of working in a enviornment like the one created by accenture? What are the disadvantage?

A:1 Advantages :

• as we see in summary company doesn't have to maintain overhead cost for large headquarters.


• it is time saving as well as enrgy saving.


• employees can easily interact with each other and with organization anytime anywhere..


• no conflict can occure.


• it makes desion fast and reliable.

Disadvantage:

• here no face to face communication occure so nobody can know whether person is telling lie or true.


• there is also chances of miscommunicatiopn becouse no face to face communication will occure.


• technological problem can cause business problem.


• empoyee's motivation , compentation c is not possible.

Q. 2 Would you like to work in a company like Accenture?Why or why not?Explain your answer.

A:2 yes offcourse I'll like to work with company like Accenture . Because I can work from my hometown. this company work globaly so its nice experience to work with this company.its save my time and this company gives many advantages.as we see in example of Lajtha.I improve my self by doing this challenging job.

Q.3 What kinds of companies could benefit from being run virtually like Accenture? Could all companies be run virtually like Accenture?

A:3: No, all companies can't be run virtually like Accenture. It requires a good co-ordination between the employees in organization. which might be difficult for many organization to implement with heavy cost.

globlise company can benifit from this type of work.

moon

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i would like to share these pics of moon which i like so much